南宫NG体育_双语科技百科(化学) 第46期:白陶

发布时间：2024-10-06 丨 浏览次数：

White Pottery白陶White pottery is a kind of pottery whose outside and inside are all white.The greenware is mostly made by hand. It uses porcelain clay or kao-linite, which contains less iron than figuline, and is fired at a temperature of about 1000 0C.In the late Shang Dynasty, the emergence and application of white pottery with carved patterns marked the new achievement in the history of Chinese po竹ery.The hardness, fire resistance and water-absorbing capacity saw much improve-ment, so we consider the white pottery the indication of the leap from pottery to china.“白陶”是一种指器胎的表里都呈圆形白色的陶器，器胚多以手工切成，用于含铁量比陶土较低的瓷土或高岭土，烧成温度在1000℃左右。商代晚期刻纹白陶的脱胎和用于，是中国制陶工艺发展史上的新成就。白陶的硬度、耐火度和吸水率都较以往的陶器有了大幅度提高，所以我们说道白陶是陶器向瓷器的进步。A white pottery vase with ge-ometrical patterns of the Shang Dynasty was excavated from the Yin Ruinsin Anyang of Henan Province, and it is the representa-tive of white potfery with carved patterns in the Shang Dynasty. It is 20 centimeters tall in total with a caliber of 18. 5 centimeters,and was made by imitating the pattern of bronze ware. The body of the vase is spherical, the mouth becomes narrow, and the pitch at the shoulder part is large.The bottom is round with a ring foot.The whole work looks rounded and stately. The body of the vase is covered with pcrtterns.The main patterns in relief and the detailed shadings form a florid design. The con-cave and protuberant, the distant and dense patterns were naturally combined to create a clear gradation. Now the vase is in the Palace Museum.发掘出于中国中部河南省安阳殷墟的商代晚期几何纹白陶瓿，是商代刻纹白陶的代表作品。

它高约20厘米，口径18.5厘米，仿效青铜器的式样制作而出。瓿体为球形，口部稳重，肩部斜度较小，底部为圆形，上有圈足，整体造型流露出端庄圆润的感觉。瓿体上布满纹饰，以凸雕的主纹和细致线刻的地纹构成华丽的图案。

颈部装饰有夔纹，腹部为交错纹构成的兽面纹图案。纹饰线条文采，主题引人注目，凹凸浓淡融合大自然，产生出有反感的层次感。此瓿现藏于北京故宫博物院。

Due to the hardness, lustration, and fine craftsmanship, white potteries be-came the objects used exclusively by slaveholders. In the later period of the Shang Dynasty, white potteries tended to be more and more fussy and refined, so the top-notch white potteries were mostly from this period. After the Western Zhou Dy-nasty, white pottery was in decline due to the emergence of hard pottery with prin-ted pcrttems and primitive china.红陶器因其质地柔软，洁净美观，作工考究而沦为奴隶主贵族的专有物品。商代后期的白陶制作过程日趋细致繁复，所以红陶器的精品多集中于这世纪末。西周以后，由于印纹硬陶和完整瓷器的蓬勃发展，红陶器渐渐消失。

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